Types of Programming Error

Logic Error

This is perhaps the most serious of all errors. When a written program in any language compiles and runs properly only to provide incorrect output, the flaw lies in the underlying programming logic. It's an error which has been inherited from a flaw in the base algorithm. The very logic on which the entire program is based is flawed, in such a case. These types of errors need a fundamental change in your approach to find a solution. You need to start digging at the algorithmic level to narrow down to the cause of such an error.

Syntax Error

 Every computer language like C, Java, Perl and Python has a specific syntax in which code needs to be written. When a programmer doesn't adhere to the 'grammar' specifications of a computer language, a syntax error results. These kinds of errors are easily rectified during the compilation phase.

Compilation Error

Compilation is the process where a program written in a high level language is converted to machine readable form. Many types of errors can occur during this phase, including syntax errors. Sometimes, the syntax of a source code might be flawless, but a compilation error might still occur. This may be due to a problem in the compiler itself. These errors are rectifiable in the development phase.

Run Time Error

The program code has compiled successfully and an executable file has been created. You breathe a sigh of relief and run the program to test its working to find an error. This is a 'Run Time Error'. These may result from the failure on part of the developer to anticipate actual program deployment conditions. These can be rectified by going back to the coding phase.

Arithmetic Error

Many programs use numerical variables and the algorithm may involve several mathematical calculations. Arithmetic errors crop up when the computer cannot handle problems like 'Division By Zero' leading to an infinite result. This is again a logical error which can only be corrected by changing the algorithm.

Resource Errors

When the value of a variable overflows its maximum allowed value, a resource error may result. Buffer overflow, usage of an uninitialized variable, access violations and stack overflows are examples of some common errors.

Interfacing Error

These may arise due to mismatch of a software program with the hardware interface or application programming interface used. In case of web applications, an interface error may result from incorrect use of a web protocol.

PayPal Accounts

Before we get down to the types, it is important to know about the core services that PayPal offers. 

These include:

• Sending money
• Requesting money
• Access to eBay Tools
• Merchant services
• Accepting payments via credit and debit cards
• PayPal debit cards
• Multi-user access
• 24-hours check on fraudulence
• Customer service

Personal PayPal Account

As the name suggests, this account is meant for personal use. Through this account, the person is able to send money, receive money from other PayPal users, and can have access to Auction tools. The transactions via this account incur no charge for the user. The PayPal account holder is eligible for customer services. However, he is eligible to accept payments only from other PayPal accounts but not from any credit or debit card. Although for this account type, holding money in it and transaction using it are free, it has a set limit for receiving payments in a month. This account has limited access to merchant services and PayPal debit card, and does not offer the benefit of multi-user feature. In short, the personal account fits the bill for people who do online shopping more often.

Premiere PayPal Account

Users having this PayPal account type, have access to all the core benefits offered by PayPal, except for multi-user access. They have the advantage of receiving unlimited credit or debit card payments, and bank account payments, as well. They get a PayPal debit card, and green flag to buy or sell on merchant websites as and when they wish. Unlike personal account, this type allows the user to access to varied merchant services like invoicing, procession of credit cards, and has features such as shopping cart, and payment reporting tools. Users do not get charged for creating the account, holding money, or sending money. However, there would be a nominal fee incurred for withdrawal of funds and receiving funds.

Business PayPal Account

The business PayPal account includes all the core features mentioned above; meaning, the user can enjoy all the benefits. This account fits the bill for people who intend to run or are running a large-scale online business. The person can operate the account under the name of his/her business, and can create multiple users for a single account. There is no set limit to the amount or size of transactions. Similar to other accounts, creating the account, holding money and sending money is free, but withdrawal and receiving are not.

Making transactions via PayPal is as easy as sending an email. But most importantly, it offers an extra security measure for the user, as the transaction can be done without giving out any sensitive information related to the account. To add to this, even for merchants, this service ensures security as the buyers are verified individuals.

Basic Types of Animation

Stop-Motion

Let us discuss stop-motion animation. Stop-motion is basically a type of animation in which inanimate objects are used. Inanimate objects are moved and captured (a photo is taken). Then they are moved a bit and a shot is taken, this goes on till a motion is complete. Then all the photos are played in a sequence and we see an animation, an illusion of life.

Now, the inanimate object can be anything. So, there is claymation, which is a popular type of stop-motion. There are animated stop-motion films made with many many inanimate things. There is sand-animation, button-animation, paper cut-out animation, pencil-animation, etc. Now, the difference between capturing a video and stop-motion is that the filmmaker can move the objects according to their will and convenience, as opposed to live-action videos.

2D Animation

2D animation can be basically divided into two main categories. One is cell animation, which is classical animation. This is the way all old 2D movies were made, but due to the advent of computer technology the other category of 2D animation which is computer generated has become very popular. Cell animation is done by drawing frame-by-frame. This means on paper, drawings are created and then these drawings are captured by a camera. An animation clip is created using photos of these drawings.

The computer generated 2D animation is basically created by drawing and painting sketches on the computer using a software, without any actual paper sketches involved. One of the most popular animation software used to create computer 2D animation is Adobe Flash. However, there is a third category of 2D animation which synthesizes both the above types of 2D animation. In this animation type half animation is computer drawn, while half is done using a software. For example, pencil drawings scanned in computer and then colored using a software.

3D Animation

Today 3D animation is dominating when it comes to full-length feature films. 3D animation is basically created using a software which allows to create models and animate them in a 3D environment, on three axis X, Y, and Z, while for 2D animation there are only two axis. In 2D animation you cannot look at a character in various angles by rotating it, but in 3D animation this is possible.

3D animation is completely done using software. Maya and 3D Max are two of the most popular 3D animation software. There is also Blender which is easier to understand. Blender is simple software and easy to grasp, while to comprehend Maya and Max you will need a lot of practice. There is also another type of animation which is called motion capture. However, motion capture is actually not a type of animation but a mix medium of live action and 3D animation. In this medium basically a motion is captured and then rendered using a software, to give an effect of an animation clip.

So, enough reading! You can also try a short animation film of your own? Keep experimenting with various objects or group of objects and make small animation films.